Voting Rights are Human Rights

Voting Rights are Human Rights

by Ted Miller

first published in Tumbleweird April 2021

 

If every citizen is truly equal under the law, every citizen should have an equal right to vote. If we truly value equal rights for every citizen, every citizen should have an equal opportunity to exercise those rights.

 

But there are those in power who work to disenfranchise those who threaten their hold on that power. They believe the votes of their supporters are more important, and they use aggressive tactics to suppress the votes of those who may vote against them. To paraphrase Orwell, they seem to believe that all voters are equal, but some voters are more equal than others.

 

I began writing this month’s column on the anniversary of Bloody Sunday, the day state troopers brutally attacked peaceful protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. The protesters were beginning a march to the capital to demand their right to vote. It took three attempts and the protection of federal officers for the marchers to reach Montgomery. The repeated violent attempt to keep Black citizens from their right to vote led directly to the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965.

 

Since then, attempts to undermine the VRA haven’t stopped. A key part of the VRA was a requirement for “preclearance” of changes to voting laws, a federal review to prevent disenfranchisement through voting restrictions. In 2013, supreme court decision Shelby County v. Holder gutted the VRA, specifically the provision for preclearance. In her dissent, Ruth Bader Ginsberg wrote, “Throwing out preclearance when it has worked and is continuing to work to stop discriminatory changes is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet.” 

 

As if to prove her point, Republican majority states immediately enacted a range of voting restrictions that eroded the protections of the VRA. 

 

One thing the 2020 election and its aftermath showed is just how fragile our democracy is. Blatant disenfranchisement of voters before the election, relentless attempts to overturn the results, and perpetuating the Big Lie that the election had been stolen culminated in the January 6 insurrection on the Capitol. The insurrection may not have prevented the certification of the Electoral College votes, but the attack on our democracy hasn’t stopped.  

 

Hundreds of bills have been introduced in state legislatures to make it harder to vote. These bills would shorten early voting periods, close polling places earlier and on Sundays (specifically targeting traditional Black church “souls to the polls”), severely limit absentee and mail voting, add more restrictive voter ID requirements, and even make it illegal to provide food and water to voters standing in line. Really? What possible reason could there be for prohibiting a volunteer from providing a bottle of water to a voter standing in line for hours (because other voting options have been eliminated) other than to discourage them from casting their vote?

 

News reports about these voter suppression initiatives indicate that Republicans acknowledge there is no actual evidence of voter fraud or irregularities, just that the public lacks ‘confidence’ in the election results. Study after study has shown that widespread voter fraud is nonexistent. But who are the ones crying about unfair elections? Who are the ones claiming fraud? 

 

"This isn't about voter suppression; it's about voter integrity," is the new standard for disingenuous statements.

 

Two bills currently in Congress will help restore voting rights. HR1, the For the People Act, will establish federal requirements for automatic voter registration, provide limits on district gerrymandering, expand mail voting, and limit voter ID and ballot collection restrictions. The John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act will restore and improve on the portions of the VRA that were gutted in Shelby. 

 

Although unlikely to pass in the Senate without a change to the filibuster, these two bills would do more to ensure equal voting rights than any legislation since President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act almost fifty years ago.

 

The cumulative effect of voter suppression keeps a minority party in power even when a majority of the electorate disagrees with their policies. Voting rights are at the heart of ensuring every citizen is indeed treated equally under the law. None of the work for social justice—the fight to dismantle systemic racism, to end poverty, to combat climate change, to provide health care for all, to protect workers, to ensure the government works for the people—none of that progress is possible without the power of the people to vote. 

 

Those who want to limit your right to vote know they cannot maintain their power on a level playing field. Don’t believe the gaslighting about voter fraud. Don’t believe the rhetoric that divides us, claiming that voting rights advocates want to destroy America when they are actually working to ensure a democracy where all votes are equal. Non-existent voter fraud isn’t the threat to our democracy; the threat is the full-scale attack on our voting rights. 

 

If we truly believe in a democratic government of the people, voting should be accessible and simple for everyone. In Washington State, we have demonstrated that elections can be simple, convenient, and secure. Every citizen of the United States should be guaranteed the right to vote without burdensome and unnecessary restrictions.

 

The human right of self-determination begins and ends at the ballot box. 

 

Voting rights are human rights.

 

For more information about voting rights, see: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/voting-laws-roundup-february-2021

 

Against All Enemies

Against All Enemies

by Ted Miller

first published in Tumbleweird February 2021

 

The violent insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on January 6 was the logical culmination of decades of right-wing propaganda that demonized our government and sowed distrust in the press. With four years of direct attacks on truth and democracy, millions of Americans no longer share an objective truth, but instead believe “alternative facts” originating from the White House and amplified by hyper-partisan talking heads and social media echo chambers. That a QAnon believer could be elected to Congress is an indication of just how deeply conspiracy theories devoid of any factual basis have invaded our collective conscious.

 

At the core of this ongoing insurgency against our government is something the Department of Homeland Security noted in the Homeland Threat Assessment in October 2020. Referring to Domestic Violent Extremists (DVEs), the report states:

 

Among DVEs, racially and ethnically motivated violent extremists—specifically white supremacist extremists (WSEs)—will remain the most persistent and lethal threat in the Homeland.

 

This should come as no surprise. White supremacist violence has been a part of our history since before the nation was founded. And denial of white supremacist violence has always been the common response.

 

“This is not who we are” is the refrain we hear after every violent attack by white nationalists, and January 6^thwas no exception. Dr. Ibram X. Kendi quotes many of our leaders repeating the refrain in his January 11 essay in The Atlantic, “Denial Is the Heartbeat of America.” Kendi details the long history of white supremacist violence that we rarely acknowledge and that our history books often overlook. He concludes that we must acknowledge our history in order to overcome it. “We must stop the heartbeat of denial and revive America to the thumping beat of truth,” he writes. I highly recommend you read his article.

 

One need only look at the statements and symbols of the insurrectionists to see that a majority of them held a white supremacist ideology. Sweatshirts glorifying Camp Auschwitz, confederate battle flags, white supremacist tattoos, a noose and gallows erected on the mall, flags of white nationalist militias, and many others were proudly on display. The mob was not hiding their purpose or intent.

 

As more details have emerged in the days since the attack, it has become clearer how close the riot came to reaching lawmakers performing their constitutional duty. Had they captured or killed Members of Congress or Vice President Pence (there were repeated shouts to find and execute him), the outcome of the election would not have changed. Joe Biden was elected president by both the popular vote and the electoral college. There has been no evidence of widespread fraud and every state had certified their elections. No matter how violent and destructive they become, the murderous domestic violent extremists cannot overturn the election. 

 

But the damage inflicted extends well beyond the physical damage to the Capitol Building. Millions of Americans still believe the election was stolen. Faith in our democracy has been severely undermined. And our country remains extremely divided. 

 

Healing the nation will take time and determination. But healing must begin with recognition of the truth. We must accept that a large number of our fellow Americans believe, at some level, the myth that this nation belongs to white Christians. We must honestly reckon with our history, not to erase the past, but to acknowledge the truth of America’s original sin.

 

I’ve heard more Benjamin Franklin and Abraham Lincoln quotes in the last week than during all my time in high school American History. But those quotes resonate with where we are as a nation today. Democracy really is a fragile thing, and our nation can only survive if its citizens continue to support the Constitution and our system of government with its checks and balances. 

 

We have the power to call for changes in policy that work against systemic racism. We can educate ourselves and seek out the truth. We can call out white supremacy when we see it. We can hold domestic violent extremists accountable for their actions. We can all defend the Constitution against our enemies, including those who seek to destroy us from within. 

 

The insurrection of January 6 showed us who we are. Our resolve to live up to our country’s ideals can lead us to who we want to be – a more perfect union based on truth, justice, and equality for all.

 

Our Democracy is Under Attack

 Our Democracy is Under Attack 

by Ted Miller

first published in Tumbleweird January 2021

 

In a democracy, the people choose their government. For the people to maintain the power of government, a democracy must have an equitable voting process, a shared understanding of objective truth, and faith in the electoral process. These things are currently under attack by some of the same people that have sworn to support and defend the Constitution of the United States.

 

By the time I was old enough to vote, I was already serving in the military and had made that same solemn promise. I have served under both Republican and Democratic administrations. The oath of office, which every person in the military or in public office in the United States makes, is a promise to protect the fundamental principles on which this country is governed. We swear allegiance to the Constitution, not to a party, not to a person, not even to the President of the United States. 

 

One of the hallmarks of our history has been the peaceful transition of power. When ballots have been counted and the election certified, the newly elected government is sworn in and takes charge, providing continuity in leadership. Stability in government, no matter who is in power, is essential for the stability of our nation.

 

And yet Donald Trump and the Republican Party have attempted to destabilize this transition, undermining confidence in the election with baseless claims of conspiracy, voter irregularity, and election fraud. Polls show that a majority of Republicans believe the election was unfair or stolen. The people remain deeply divided. Confidence in the authority of government has been compromised.

 

The 2020 presidential election is over. Joe Biden won the Electoral College (the constitutional process by which we elect a president) 306 to 232. He won the popular vote by more than 7 million votes. All fifty states have certified their elections. After more than fifty court challenges, there is no credible evidence of fraud and no legal basis to challenge the results of the election. 

 

But attempts to overturn the election have continued. Last week, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton asked the U.S. Supreme Court to throw out the election results in Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.

 

Donald Trump quickly signed on to the case, followed by seventeen Republican led states. Then, 106 members of Congress, including our own representative Dan Newhouse, signed on. 

 

The Supreme Court rejected the case. 

 

That so many in the leadership of the Republican Party would seek to disenfranchise millions of fellow citizens to overturn an election is an attack on our democracy. They don’t care about the will of the people.

 

When asked about this threat to democracy, Dr. Heather Cox Richardson said:

 

“I think we are in probably the biggest crisis America’s ever had.… We have in power a political party that does not believe in democracy.… I think they are ideologically committed to oligarchy. And the idea of getting rid of poor voters, people of color, women, I think that that’s part of making sure that, in their minds, wealth can’t be redistributed. They consider having any kind of a government that provides a basic social safety net or regulates business or promotes infrastructure as being… a step towards socialism. Because it redistributes… wealth upward, the way it’s moved so dramatically since 1981.”   

 

—Quoted from Bill Moyers’ Podcast: Democracy on the Edge, December 10, 2020 (https://billmoyers.com/story/podcast-democracy-on-the-edge-cox-richardson)

 

I am not alleging that every registered Republican is working to destroy our system of government. But it is clear to me that the leadership of the Republican Party is working harder to stay in power than they are working for the people in this country.

 

For now, efforts to undermine our democracy have failed. For now, every vote is still counted. For now, the people still hold the power.

 

But that power is not guaranteed. 

 

We the people have the ability to keep the power of our democracy. We must demand equitable voting rights. We must pay attention to what our elected officials are doing and hold them accountable. We must keep ourselves informed, seeking out the truth and resisting the temptation to feed in to the disinformation plague that infects our public discourse. And we must organize, advocating for policies that work for everyone, not just the few at the top. 

 

And we have to restore confidence in our electoral system. When we stop believing that our voice matters, those who don’t want to listen to our voices will win.

The Election Hasn’t Changed Anything

The Election Hasn’t Changed Anything

by Ted Miller

(published in Tumbleweird December 2020)  

The 2020 presidential election is over, but now is not the time to become complacent. Although we may have pulled ourselves back from the brink of a descent into authoritarianism, replacing Donald Trump with Joe Biden isn’t going to solve the formidable problems facing the United States and the world.

 

We remain a nation bitterly divided, more so than at any time in modern history. In many ways, the right and the left live in alternate realities. The echo chamber of social media and political opinion masquerading as news isn’t going away. Disinformation and the lack of a common truth continues to threaten the stability of our government. 

 

After decades of hyper-partisanship and four years of Trump accusing anyone who disagreed with him as the enemy of the United States, healing the country will take years. We cannot rebuild the trust among Americans overnight, and we certainly can’t just sit back and hope politicians will suddenly drop the partisan rhetoric and start working together. 

 

We are now in the third surge of COVID-19 cases with rates increasing exponentially across the country. The pandemic doesn’t care about politics, but the impact of the disease disproportionately affects the poor and communities of color. With nearly a quarter million dead, Congress is still incapable of working together to pass reasonable legislation to combat the disease while mitigating the economic impact of COVID-19 controls to small businesses and individuals.

 

Black lives still matter. Little has actually changed since the protests this summer. Unarmed Black Americans are still killed at a higher rate by police than their white counterparts. Black men still represent a disproportionate share of prison populations at all levels. The system that allowed Breonna Taylor and countless others like her to be killed with impunity still exists.

 

Climate change remains an existential threat. International cooperation is essential to avoid climate disaster, but we have abdicated our role in international leadership. Effective action to reduce carbon emissions is being blocked at every level by political lobbying and corporate interests.

 

Immigration policy remains chaotic. The future of DACA is uncertain, asylum seekers at the border are treated like criminals, and hundreds of children remain separated from their parents. We rely on the labor of millions of undocumented immigrants, but we have no plan to authorize their work status or to replace them as a labor force.

 

The wealth gap continues to widen, with wealth concentrating at the top while millions live in poverty. One in four children in America are food insecure. Even with full-time employment and multiple jobs, too many working families struggle to make ends meet. 

 

Twenty-seven million Americans are without health insurance, a number that is increasing as a result of the pandemic. Many families are one health crisis away from bankruptcy. No other wealthy nation fails to guarantee basic health care to their citizens.

 

We are still engaged in the longest war in U.S. history. 

 

And these are only some of the many problems we face, any one of which seems overwhelming. But they aren’t insurmountable. There is always hope.

 

Change doesn’t happen automatically. Collectively, we must continue to pay attention, to call for action, and to hold our elected leadership accountable. Collectively, we can make a difference.

 

Voting is essential in a democracy. But voting doesn’t create change without the electorate demanding it.

 

Pay attention. Stay engaged. 

 

“All politics is local,” even when the problems are big.

 

After You Vote

After You Vote

by Ted Miller

(published in Tumbleweird November 2020) 

You already know how important it is to vote. You know that local elections can have a greater impact on your daily life, so you got to know your local candidates. You’ve researched the incumbents’ records and you’ve listened to the challengers to understand how they will approach the job differently. You’ve done your homework and you are ready to cast your ballot. 

 

If you live in Washington (or one of several other vote-by-mail states), you look forward to receiving your ballot. You know the details of how to fill it out, the requirements to use the inner sleeve and to sign the outer envelope the same way it appears on your registration, and you know where the nearest drop box is located (dropping it in a mailbox a week early is fine, but putting it in a drop box is better). You know how to track your ballot’s receipt and acceptance at votewa.gov. 

 

You’ve done your civic duty and now you can sit back and let your elected officials change the world for you, right?

 

Not quite.

 

Our elected officials work for us. And as with any job, feedback on their job performance should be frequent, constructive, and direct. Pay attention to what happens in board and council meetings, know the issues and decisions that are being made, and call, write, or email your elected officials to let them know what is important to you. It may sometimes feel like your voice is lost in the noise, but every voter counts and elected officials really do pay attention to what their constituents are most vocal about.

 

And as important as local politics are to us, issues at the state and national level also require our involvement. Taking to the streets in peaceful protest makes a difference. After a summer of national (and international) protests demanding justice for too many Black lives unjustly taken by a police system that kills more people by far than any other nation, local and state governments across the country are enacting reforms. (There is a lot more to be done, but the debate about whether to defund or reform the police is the subject of another column).

 

We live in a system that makes it easier for those in power to hold on to that power. But the people still have a voice. Our voices still make a difference. And when we raise our voices together to demand a more perfect union, to demand true justice and equality for all our citizens, we bend that arc ever so slightly towards a better tomorrow.

 

I believe in this country. And I know we can do better, together.

 

Vote, engage, and hold our elected officials accountable. The future of our community and our nation depends on it.

Our Right to Vote

Our Right to Vote

by Ted Miller

(originally published in Tumbleweird October 2020)

“No right is more precious in a free country than that of having a voice in the election of those who make the laws under which, as good citizens, we must live. Other rights, even the most basic, are illusory if the right to vote is undermined.”

—Justice Hugo Black, U.S. Supreme Court, Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1, 17 (1964)

 

Abraham Lincoln concluded his famous Gettysburg Address with the hope “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” A government where the people govern themselves. A country where the government works for the citizens. 

 

For the government to be responsive to the people, the people need to participate. And to participate, all citizens need to have an equal voice. That voice is heard through the ballot box.

 

When Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg, with few exceptions, only white men who owned property were allowed to vote. Today, the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to vote to every citizen regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (15th Amendment), sex (19th Amendment), or age for those over 18 (26th Amendment). 

 

Voting should be convenient and easy. State and local election rules should encourage voter participation and eliminate barriers to voting while maintaining the security and integrity of elections. 

 

But because regulating elections is largely left to the states, access to the franchise (the right to vote) varies widely. Politicians pass laws that make it harder for those who may vote against them to exercise their right. Some of the most common and egregious voter suppression efforts include restrictive voter ID requirements, excessive and targeted purging of voter rolls, unnecessary restrictions on voter registration requirements, closing or limiting access to polling locations with a larger percentage of poor and minority voters, and district gerrymandering to favor one political party with surgical precision. 

 

For those of us living in Washington State, however, it is easy to register, convenient to vote, and our system is both secure and reliable. 

 

I recently spoke with Benton County Auditor Brenda Chilton about our election process and election security. Here are a few voter security measures Washington has in place:

·      Each ballot envelope has a unique code which can only be used once. 

·      Every ballot received is validated by a qualified group of people who compare the signature on the envelope before it is opened for counting. 

·      Questions about the validity of a ballot are resolved by a three-person County Canvassing Board.

·      Once a ballot has been accepted, the system will not allow another ballot to be counted for the same voter.

·      Tabulation systems are standalone and cannot be connected to the internet.

·      Handling ballots at every step of the process requires at least two people present.

·      The statewide voter registration system prevents a voter from voting in more than one county. 

 

I also asked Brenda Chilton what advice she would give to voters. Here are some things to remember:

·      Ballots are mailed to each registered voter automatically. 

·      You can verify your voter registration early at votewa.gov (if you aren’t already registered, you can do so at the same website).

·      Remember to sign your ballot. Take out your driver’s license and sign it the same way since that is likely the signature your ballot will be compared with. In the primary, over 800 ballots were not counted because of a signature mismatch.

·      Include your phone number on the ballot. The auditor’s office will contact you by mail to try to resolve any problem with accepting your ballot. A phone number will make that process easier.

·      Return your ballot in a place that is secure—either in one of the many ballot drop boxes located around the county (you can even drop it in a box in another county) or in a secure US mailbox. Leaving it for the mail carrier in an unsecure location like your home mailbox is not the most secure choice.

·      If you are mailing your ballot, mail it at least a week in advance. Remember that locally, our mail goes to Spokane for processing. In the primary this year, more than 1000 ballots in Benton and Franklin county were rejected because of a late postmark.

·      Check the status of your ballot at votewa.gov after you have voted and make sure it has been received and then accepted. You have until the election is certified to resolve any issues with your ballot.

 

If you live outside Washington, make sure you know the process for registering and voting in your state and county. Get your information from official sources like your Secretary of State, and don’t rely on campaign materials, social media posts, or even media reports. Misinformation and intentional disinformation are being used this year to discourage you from voting. Stay informed and don’t disenfranchise yourself.

 

Barriers to voting are undemocratic. Voter suppression is unpatriotic. I’m thankful I live in a state where every vote matters, and where the opportunity to vote is convenient, secure, and open to all citizens who choose to exercise their right.

 

The 2020 election is the most important election we’ve had in more than a generation and voters understand that. Secretary of State Kim Wyman predicts a greater than 90 percent turnout this November. 

 

Historic turnout can defeat voter suppression. That’s good for democracy, good for the state, and good for the nation. Voting out those who would disenfranchise us to maintain their power is the most effective tool we have to save our democracy and work together towards a more just and equitable future. Encourage your family, your friends, and your neighbors to vote. 

 

Carrie Chapman Catt, founder of the League of Women Voters, said, "Everybody counts in applying democracy. And there will never be a true democracy until every responsible and law-abiding adult in it, without regard to race, sex, color, or creed has his or her own inalienable and unpurchaseable voice in government."

 

I dream that someday all states will adopt voting systems that are easy, convenient, and secure. Every citizen should be able to exercise their right to vote, freely and without burdensome barriers intended to disenfranchise.  

 

Harriet Tubman said, "Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world."

 

Dream big. Change the world. Vote.

The Search for Objective Truth

The Search for Objective Truth

by Ted Miller

(originally published in Tumbleweird August/September 2020)

A democracy can only survive with an informed electorate. The founders believed in this principle so much that they protected the right to speak freely, to openly debate ideas, and for a free press to publish those ideas so the people could keep the government in check. They believed that the best ideas would always win.

A belief that freedom of speech and of the press will lead to objective truth in the marketplace of ideas was not a new concept. John Milton made an impassioned case for free speech in Areopagitica, delivered as a speech to the English Parliament and published as a pamphlet in 1644. His argument that truth will always win could be summarized in this quote from his speech:

“Let her [Truth] and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse in a free and open encounter? Her confuting is the best and surest suppressing.” 
― John Milton, Areopagitica

But objective truth is an elusive concept. In the age of “alternative facts,” how do we find the truth? Social media is rife with conspiracy theories, disinformation, and divisive rhetoric. Russia and other foreign actors continue to attack the United States in an effort to weaken us by sowing discord through social media bots and fake accounts. The media makes a profit through click bait and sensational headlines. And our own politics are so divided that many of our fellow Americans think members of the other political party are the enemy. How can we possibly agree on objective truth when we don’t trust the government, the media, or anything that doesn’t align with our own world view?

The inability to make decisions based on science and factual data, what should be considered objective truth, has stymied our nation’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States continues to rank near the top in the COVID-19 case rate and death toll while countries like South Korea, Italy, and Spain, who experienced some of the worst impacts at the beginning of the pandemic, now have the virus under control and are cautiously opening up their economy, schools, and some tourism.

An effective public health response should never have been a politically divisive issue. The coronavirus doesn’t care whether we believe the scientists and epidemiologists. For the nearly 150,000 people who have died (CDC data July 27, 2020), the arguments about whether the pandemic is a political hoax, whether masks are effective at controlling the spread, or whether the disease will “just disappear” no longer matter. 

Forbes reported[1] that nearly a third of Americans believe the conspiracy theory that the COVID-19 death count has been exaggerated to undermine Donald Trump’s reelection campaign. The Ipsos/Axios poll quoted by Forbes shows how partisan that belief is: 

“The number of Americans who believe the death toll is inflated is highest among those who get their news from Fox News (61%) and Republicans (59%), while only 9% of Democrats and 7% of those getting their news from CNN and MSNBC believe the same.”

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on July 1^st, also cited by Forbes, concludes that a number of scientifically based conclusions show the death rate is actually much higher than that reported by the CDC. This should be considered an objective truth. But that study won’t change the minds of Fox News viewers and Republicans whose truth differs from the facts.

And what Americans believe about the pandemic is just one of many examples of how elusive objective truth has become. 

The news organizations we depend upon for information, the free press, often blurs the line between fact and opinion. And when the news conflicts with our world view, we claim bias and discredit the source. This tendency to only listen to what we already believe is amplified through incessant commentary, political spin, and often outright lies from those who want to manipulate public opinion. And we have little incentive to check facts and sources.

How can we be an informed electorate of responsible citizens if we don’t share a common set of facts?

Lies and disinformation in political campaigns is nothing new. The ugly campaign of lies and ad hominem attacks between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams for the presidency in 1800 was just as bad, or worse, than anything we see today (look it up). 

When I was planning to write this column, I wanted to provide some thoughts on how to identify objective truth. But there aren’t any easy answers. 

The internet and social media aren’t going away. Divisive politics aren’t going to change overnight. Russia is still working hard to divide us from within and those in power are doing everything they can to hold on to that power. 

So, my advice is to try to see outside your bubble of confirmation bias, be skeptical, and vote your conscience. If we don’t keep trying to find that objective truth, our democracy may not survive. And then the pursuit of the truth through the freedoms of the First Amendment will no longer be possible.

---

[1] Forbes.com, July 21, 2020, “Nearly A Third Of Americans Believe Covid-19 Death Toll Conspiracy Theory”